Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean

Nicole Caldichoury; Breiner Morales-Asencio; Luis Mario Castellanos-Alvarenga; Juan Carlos Coronado; César Quispe-Ayala; Daniela Ripoll-Córdoba; Carol Saldías; Wendy Bada; Karen Alcos-Flores; Boris Zurita-Cueva; Rodrigo Duhalde-Sanhueza; Cristian Romo; Raúl Quincho-Apumayta; David Salazar; Yuliana Florez; Juan Cárdenas; Carlos Ardila-Duarte; Juan Martínez; Cesar Castellanos; Norman López

doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667612

Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean

Nicole Caldichoury
, Breiner Morales-Asencio
, Luis Mario Castellanos-Alvarenga
, Juan Carlos Coronado
, César Quispe-Ayala
, Daniela Ripoll-Córdoba
, Carol Saldías
, Wendy Bada
, Karen Alcos-Flores
, Boris Zurita-Cueva
, Rodrigo Duhalde-Sanhueza
, Cristian Romo
, Raúl Quincho-Apumayta
, David Salazar
, Yuliana Florez
, Juan Cárdenas
, Carlos Ardila-Duarte
, Juan Martínez
, Cesar Castellanos
, Norman López

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Original language	English
Article number	1667612
Journal	Frontiers in Psychiatry
Volume	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667612
State	Published - 1 Jan 2025

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10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667612

Cite this

Caldichoury, N., Morales-Asencio, B., Castellanos-Alvarenga, L. M., Coronado, J. C., Quispe-Ayala, C., Ripoll-Córdoba, D., Saldías, C., Bada, W., Alcos-Flores, K., Zurita-Cueva, B., Duhalde-Sanhueza, R., Romo, C., Quincho-Apumayta, R., Salazar, D., Florez, Y., Cárdenas, J., Ardila-Duarte, C., Martínez, J., Castellanos, C., & López, N. (2025). Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 16, Article 1667612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667612

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title = "Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean",

keywords = "Latin America, PHQ-9, depression, factorial invariance, screening, structural validity",

author = "Nicole Caldichoury and Breiner Morales-Asencio and Castellanos-Alvarenga, \{Luis Mario\} and Coronado, \{Juan Carlos\} and C{\'e}sar Quispe-Ayala and Daniela Ripoll-C{\'o}rdoba and Carol Sald{\'i}as and Wendy Bada and Karen Alcos-Flores and Boris Zurita-Cueva and Rodrigo Duhalde-Sanhueza and Cristian Romo and Ra{\'u}l Quincho-Apumayta and David Salazar and Yuliana Florez and Juan C{\'a}rdenas and Carlos Ardila-Duarte and Juan Mart{\'i}nez and Cesar Castellanos and Norman L{\'o}pez",

note = "Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2025 Caldichoury, Morales-Asencio, Castellanos-Alvarenga, Coronado, Quispe-Ayala, Ripoll-C{\'o}rdoba, Sald{\'i}as, Bada, Alcos-Flores, Zurita-Cueva, Duhalde-Sanhueza, Romo, Quincho-Apumayta, Salazar, Florez, C{\'a}rdenas, Ardila-Duarte, Mart{\'i}nez, Castellanos and L{\'o}pez.",

year = "2025",

month = jan,

day = "1",

doi = "10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667612",

language = "English",

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Caldichoury, N, Morales-Asencio, B, Castellanos-Alvarenga, LM, Coronado, JC, Quispe-Ayala, C, Ripoll-Córdoba, D, Saldías, C, Bada, W, Alcos-Flores, K, Zurita-Cueva, B, Duhalde-Sanhueza, R, Romo, C, Quincho-Apumayta, R, Salazar, D, Florez, Y, Cárdenas, J, Ardila-Duarte, C, Martínez, J, Castellanos, C & López, N 2025, 'Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean', Frontiers in Psychiatry, vol. 16, 1667612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667612

TY - JOUR

T1 - Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean

AU - Caldichoury, Nicole

AU - Morales-Asencio, Breiner

AU - Castellanos-Alvarenga, Luis Mario

AU - Coronado, Juan Carlos

AU - Quispe-Ayala, César

AU - Ripoll-Córdoba, Daniela

AU - Saldías, Carol

AU - Bada, Wendy

AU - Alcos-Flores, Karen

AU - Zurita-Cueva, Boris

AU - Duhalde-Sanhueza, Rodrigo

AU - Romo, Cristian

AU - Quincho-Apumayta, Raúl

AU - Salazar, David

AU - Florez, Yuliana

AU - Cárdenas, Juan

AU - Ardila-Duarte, Carlos

AU - Martínez, Juan

AU - Castellanos, Cesar

AU - López, Norman

N1 - Publisher Copyright: Copyright © 2025 Caldichoury, Morales-Asencio, Castellanos-Alvarenga, Coronado, Quispe-Ayala, Ripoll-Córdoba, Saldías, Bada, Alcos-Flores, Zurita-Cueva, Duhalde-Sanhueza, Romo, Quincho-Apumayta, Salazar, Florez, Cárdenas, Ardila-Duarte, Martínez, Castellanos and López.

PY - 2025/1/1

Y1 - 2025/1/1

KW - Latin America

KW - PHQ-9

KW - depression

KW - factorial invariance

KW - screening

KW - structural validity

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105023888177

U2 - 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667612

DO - 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1667612

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105023888177

SN - 1664-0640

VL - 16

JO - Frontiers in Psychiatry

JF - Frontiers in Psychiatry

M1 - 1667612

ER -

Factorial invariance of the Spanish version of the PHQ-9 by gender and country in Latin America and the Caribbean

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