FOXP3+ and CD25+ cells are reduced in patients with stage IV, grade C periodontitis: A comparative clinical study

Background and Objective: Some studies suggest that regulatory T cells (Tregs) have suppressive effects on inflammatory osteolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate Treg immunomarkers in periodontitis-affected tissues from patients with periodontitis and clinically healthy gingiva (control). Material and Methods: The presence and distribution of positive cells for CD4, CD25 and FOXP3 (Treg immunomarkers) in periodontitis-affected tissues (epithelium and lamina propria) of 30 patients (ten per group) with a diagnosis of stage IV, grade C periodontitis (IV-C), stage III, grade B periodontitis (III-B) and the control were evaluated. A two-way ANOVA followed by Fisher's LSD test was used to demonstrate differences between the groups and immunomarkers; Student's t test was used to demonstrate differences between the epithelium and the lamina propria. Results: Both IV-C and III-B periodontitis presented a significantly high proportion of immune-stained cells for all immunomarkers when compared to the control group. Notably, CD25+ and FOXP3+ cells were detected in a significantly higher number in III-B than IV-C periodontitis (P <.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest the participation of Tregs on the osteoimmunological mechanisms in IV-C and III-B periodontitis patients, notably contributing to strategies for alveolar bone regeneration in clinical treatment decisions.