Indefensión aprendida en relaciones de pareja: Rol de los estilos parentales y la dependencia emocional

Introduction: Early parental bonds not only have a significant impact on adult relationships but also influence how family and emotional dynamics can perpetuate dysfunctional behaviors in romantic relationships. Objective: To determine the extent to which parenting styles and emotional dependence influence the manifestation of learned helplessness in romantic relationships. Method: This study follows a positivist and quantitative approach, employing a non-experimental, explanatory-level design based on the hypothetical-deductive method. The sample consisted of 101 women receiving services at the Centro de Emergencia Mujer (CEM) in Santa Anita, Lima, Peru. Validated instruments with high internal consistency (0.82–0.88) were used: the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Emotional Dependence Inventory, and the Learned Helplessness Inventory. Results: A significance value of 0.001 was obtained across all hypotheses. Parenting styles and emotional dependence influenced learned helplessness by 82.7%, partner control by 97.5%, self-control by 78.9%, and external control by 74%. Conclusion: Predominant parenting styles and emotional dependence foster learned helplessness in women living with abusive partners, perpetuating dynamics of submission and vulnerability. Additionally, they restrict emotional expression and control over daily behavior. These findings highlight the urgent need for preventive educational policies that promote gender equity and reduce violence.