The Impact of Subjective Well-Being on Sustainable Actions: Resilience as a Mediator Between Spirituality and Happiness in Future Environmental Engineers in Peru

This study explores the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between spirituality and happiness among environmental engineering students in northern Peru, emphasizing its implications for sustainability in education and professional development. Through a quantitative cross-sectional study involving 392 students from public and private universities, two key hypotheses were tested: the direct influence of spirituality on happiness and the mediating effect of resilience. Data were gathered using validated instruments, including the Personal Spirituality Scale (SPI), Connor-Davidson Brief Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10), and Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS). Structural equation modeling revealed that spirituality has a significant direct effect on happiness and an indirect effect through resilience. The model showed high explanatory power, with spirituality explaining 87% of the variance in resilience, and both variables accounting for 76% of the variance in happiness. These findings highlight the importance of promoting spiritual and resilience-building practices as key strategies for enhancing subjective well-being, a critical factor for preparing sustainable professionals capable of addressing complex environmental challenges. This study contributes to the understanding of how spiritual resources and resilience mechanisms can support the development of socially and psychologically sustainable future engineers.